Global Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

The replacement fluid ingested immediately after exercise provides the hydration for the next exercise. Limiting fluid ingested before exercise can cause problems to the thermoregulation body process during the following exercise if that fluid is not adequate. The loss of water from the body due to sweating is a function related to the combined effects of exercise intensity and environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed). In humans, the sweating can exceed 30 g per minute (1.8 kg per hour). The loss of water through sweating comes from all compartments of body fluids, also including the blood volume. This will cause easily an increase in the concentration of electrolytic in body fluids. Despite, the effect of dehydration on cardiovascular function and thermoregulation, the extent to which exercise performance is impaired by a fluid deficit remains unclear. Although some data indicate that drinking improves athletic ability in executing events of short duration (1 hour) in temperate climates, other data suggest that this might not be the case [1]. The maintenance of glucose concentrations in blood is necessary to optimize the performance of the exercise. In conclusion, the fluids replacement for the body is important to maintain normal hydration, and minimize risk of injury from heat and impairment of exercise performance during exercise. During the exercise lasting more than 1 hour carbohydrates should be added to the solution of fluid replacement to maintain the concentration of glucose in the blood and to increase exercise time to fatigue. The concentration of glucose in the fluid ingested depends on whether there is a primary need for energy or hydration. This review paper is focused on mechanisms of cardiovascular drift (CVdrift) to maintenance and replacement fluid therapy during strenous prolonged exercise. Many aspects are treated in the manuscript. The emerging topics treated in this review paper also include:cardiovascular responses and adaptations to acute exercise, heart rate adaptations during different time of the day in elite athletes, hydration status and improvement of performance, effects of dehydration and hyperthermia on CVdrift. The literature on the topic appears to be vast and address many important factors of interest for the performance development occurred in dehydration condition and it is necessary to be known for the preservation of the athletes ‘health and performance enhancing. Responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training